ReviewViruses2025
Chasing Virus Replication and Infection: PAMP-PRR Interaction Drives Type I Interferon Production, Which in Turn Activates ISG Expression and ISGylation.
Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isoliquiritigenin Elicits Potent Antiviral Activity Against Pseudorabies Virus Through Modulating the cGAS/STING and JAK/STAT Signaling Cascades.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Investigating the Role of microRNA in Host-Influenza A and Other Respiratory RNA Virus Interactions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine-producing microbe Bacillus megaterium KCTC 3007 promotes antitumor immunity in endometrial cancer via type I interferon response pathways.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rh1 Suppresses Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy to Promote Immune Responses.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Ginsenoside Rb3 Suppresses Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Replication by Inhibiting Autophagy to Potentiate Immune Responses.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- RT-qPCR and split-luciferase assays enable batch standardization and analysis of engineered virus-like particle transduction.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Cell-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Signaling as a Pleiotropic Orchestrator of CD4 T Cell Immunity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Host Cell Virus Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, Viral Pathogenesis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Viruses · 2026Review
- Identification of extracellular vesicle microRNAs as potential facilitators of interferon-alpha escape in Marek's disease virus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Dynamic regulatory mechanism of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-mediated antiviral response in RNA virus infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The role of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ginsenoside Rh1 suppresses Peste des petits ruminants virus replication by inhibiting autophagy to promote interferon responses and restrict inflammatory responses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 innate immune recognition and implications for respiratory health.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- O-GlcNAcylation: A Nutrient-Sensitive Metabolic Rheostat in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Pathogenesis.Cells · 2025Review
- Interferon in Liver Diseases: Recent Advances.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- A Novel Microencapsulated Bovine Recombinant Interferon Tau Formulation for Luteolysis Modulation in Cattle.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Succinate in innate immunity: linking metabolic reprogramming to immune modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The placental battlefield: viral strategies and immune countermeasures.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune response, particularly the interferon-mediated pathway, serves as the first line of defense against viral infections. During virus infection, viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), triggering downstream signaling pathways. This leads to the activation of transcription factors like IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB, which translocate to the nucleus and induce the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β). Once secreted, type I interferons bind to their receptors (IFNARs) on the surfaces of infected and neighboring cells, activating the JAK-STAT pathway. This results in the formation of the ISGF3 complex (composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9), which translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some ISGs exert antiviral effects by directly or indirectly blocking infection and replication. Among these ISGs, ISG15 plays a crucial role in the ISGylation process, a ubiquitin-like modification that tags viral and host proteins, regulating immune responses and inhibiting viral replication. However, viruses have evolved counteractive strategies to evade ISG15-mediated immunity and ISGylation. This review first outlines the PAMP-PRR-induced pathways leading to the production of cytokines and ISGs, followed by a summary of ISGylation's role in antiviral defense and viral evasion mechanisms targeting ISG15 and ISGYlation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.