ArticleViruses2025
The Clinical and Laboratory Landscape of COVID-19 During the Initial Period of the Pandemic and at the Beginning of the Omicron Era.
Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underwent significant mutations, resulting in the Omicron variant.
methodsIn this study, we analyzed blood samples from 98 patients with acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) hospitalized during the initial SARS-CoV-2 wave and the onset of Omicron in 2021. High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of PCR products was used to analyze RNA extracted from clinical samples collected in July and November 2021 from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
resultsHRM analysis revealed a characteristic deletion in the N protein RNA of the virus isolated in November 2021, associated with the Omicron variant. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in both waves of COVID-19. Complement levels and IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected more often during the second wave. An increase in hemagglutinin-inhibiting (HI) antibodies against influenza viruses was observed in paired blood specimens from moderate to severe COVID-19 patients during both outbreaks.
conclusionsPatients admitted during both waves of COVID-19 showed a significant rise in inflammatory markers, suggesting that Omicron triggers inflammatory responses. The rapid formation of IgM and IgG in Omicron may indicate a faster immune response. Seasonal flu may negatively impact the clinical course of coronavirus infections.
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