Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40284920›Full record

ArticleViruses2025

From Entry to Outbreak in a High School Setting: Clinical and Wastewater Surveillance of a Rare SARS-CoV-2 Variant.

Sven Sachse, Ivana Kraiselburd, Olympia Evdoxia Anastasiou, Carina Elsner, Sarah Christina Goretzki, Stefan Goer, Michael Koldehoff, Alexander Thomas, Jens Schoth, Sebastian Voigt and 4 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Culture, qPCR, and genome-based surveillance ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sven SachseInstitute for Artificial Intelligence (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-7742-4743
Ivana KraiselburdInstitute for Artificial Intelligence (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9677-6094
Olympia Evdoxia AnastasiouInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2178-3182
Carina ElsnerInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Sarah Christina GoretzkiDepartment of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Infectiology, Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Stefan GoerDepartment of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Michael KoldehoffDepartment of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8738-5884
Alexander ThomasInstitute for Artificial Intelligence (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany.
Jens SchothEmschergenossenschaft Lippeverband (EGLV), 45128 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-2197-6539
Sebastian VoigtInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1544-9903
Rudolf Stephan RoßInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Ulf DittmerInstitute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Folker MeyerInstitute for Artificial Intelligence (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany.
Ricarda Maria SchmithausenInstitute for Artificial Intelligence (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45131 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3736-8672

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In December 2021, an outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.640.2 variant, potentially originating from Cameroon, was investigated among schoolchildren in Germany. The index case, an adult who had recently returned from a three-week stay in the Republic of Congo, introduced the variant into a school setting via their children, resulting in subsequent transmission within the school and ultimately to a hospital ward. Whole-genome sequencing of viral samples identified both B.1.640.1 and B.1.640.2 lineages. This outbreak highlights the unpredictable nature of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and emphasizes the importance of early detection and containment to mitigate transmission to high-risk populations. Notably, wastewater surveillance detected the variant during the study peri-od, reinforcing the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology as a complementary tool for the early warning and containment of novel variants. These findings underline the critical need for timely research and adherence to quarantine measures to enhance outbreak control efforts.

Indexed as

COVID-19Disease OutbreaksSARS-CoV-2WastewaterAdolescentAdultCameroonChildFemaleGenome, ViralGermanyHumansMalePhylogenySchoolsWastewater-Based Epidemiological MonitoringWastewateroutbreak investigationSARS-CoV-2wastewater

Identifiers

PMID40284920
PMCPMC12030855

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.