Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40284787›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2025

Environmental Risk Factors Contributing to the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance in West Africa.

Adenike Adenaya, Adedapo Adedayo Adeniran, Chidera Linus Ugwuoke, Kaosara Saliu, Mariam Adewumi Raji, Amartya Rakshit, Mariana Ribas-Ribas, Martin Könneke

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Adenike AdenayaInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9714-0864
Adedapo Adedayo AdeniranDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Calabar 540211, Nigeria.ORCID 0000-0002-9644-5084
Chidera Linus UgwuokeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 240281, Nigeria.ORCID 0009-0003-5441-7311
Kaosara SaliuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 240281, Nigeria.
Mariam Adewumi RajiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 240281, Nigeria.
Amartya RakshitInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
Mariana Ribas-RibasCenter for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26380 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3318-5462
Martin KönnekeInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a well-documented global health challenge that disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries. In 2019, the number of deaths attributed to and associated with antibiotic resistance in Western Sub-Saharan Africa was approximately 27 and 115 per 100,000, respectively, higher than in other regions worldwide. Extensive research has consistently confirmed the persistent presence and spread of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, among livestock, within food supply chains, and across various environmental contexts. This review documents the environmental risk factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance in West Africa. We collected studies from multiple West African countries using the Web of Science and PubMed databases. We screened them for factors associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes between 2018 and 2024. Our findings indicate that antibiotic resistance remains a significant concern in West Africa, with environmental pollution and waste management identified as major factors in the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes between 2018 and 2024. Additional contributing factors include poor hygiene, the use of antibiotics in agriculture, aquaculture, and animal farming, and the transmission of antibiotic resistance within hospital settings. Unfortunately, the lack of comprehensive genetic characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes hinders a thorough understanding of this critical issue in the region. Since antibiotic resistance transcends national borders and can spread within and between countries, it is essential to understand the environmental risk factors driving its dissemination in West African countries. Such understanding will be instrumental in developing and recommending effective strategies nationally and internationally to combat antibiotic resistance.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistanceenvironmental pollutionglobal health problemsanitation and hygieneSub-Saharan Africawastewater effluentsWest Africa

Identifiers

PMID40284787
PMCPMC12029926

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.