ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Mechanisms of Lithium Action: The Old and New Findings.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Geometrically Transient Platform for Bioelectronic Implants.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic Lesion of the Corpus Callosum in a Patient with Acute-on-chronic Lithium Toxicity.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Lithium as a Potential Senostatic Agent in Central Nervous System Aging and Bipolar Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anti-Apoptotic and Neurite-Protective Nanomedicine Augments Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Transplantation in Glaucoma Recovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Acute health effects of accidental exposure to lithium hydroxide at a battery material production plant.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Airborne metals and malignant pleural effusions: the role of oxidative stress.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Association of lithium versus valproate initiation with all-cause mortality and incident dementia: a multinational real-world cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Acute and reversible dyskinesias secondary to lithium toxicity: case report and literature review.BMC neurology · 2025Review
- Impaired Formation of Primary Cilia in Olfactory Neuronal Precursors Is Associated with Decreased Proliferation and Maturation in Individuals with Hyposmia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite lithium's presence in modern psychiatry for three-quarters of a century, the mechanisms of its therapeutic action have not been fully elucidated. This article presents the evolution of the views on these mechanisms, and both the old and new findings are discussed. Among the old mechanisms, lithium's effect on the purinergic system; electrolyte metabolism; membrane transport; and second messenger systems, namely, cyclic nucleotide and phosphatidylinositol (PI), glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotransmitters, are discussed. The new data were obtained from in vitro studies, molecular biology, and genetic research. They showed the effects of lithium on the immune system, biological rhythms, telomere functions, and mitochondria. In this article, each lithium mechanism is considered in the light of its association with the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder or/and as a marker of the lithium response. Although not exhaustive, this review elucidates the multiple potential mechanisms of lithium action. It was also observed that many seemingly "old" mechanisms have experienced a resurgence in research conducted during the 21st century. Additionally, many studies converged on the previously postulated mechanisms of lithium inhibiting GSK-3β and PI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.