SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025
The Effects of Thirdhand Vape Residue from Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Vapes on Cells: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Sex-specific modulation of lung function and transcriptome in neonate mice exposed to thirdhand electronic-cigarette aerosols.Pediatric research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleVapes are increasingly popular, however, their clouds leave a residue on surfaces, referred to as thirdhand smoke. Recent studies have reported the detrimental cellular impacts of thirdhand smoke. However, research on thirdhand vape residue exposure is relatively new and understudied.
objectivesThis review aims to evaluate the current literature associated with the impact of thirdhand vape residue from nicotine and non-nicotine vapes on cells, compared to unexposed controls.
methodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google databases to identify relevant studies. Two independent reviewers screened articles using the inclusion criteria of controlled experimental studies on human and animal in vitro and in vivo models which investigate thirdhand vape residue as the exposure variable and cell concepts. Studies were assessed for bias through tools specialised for animal studies. Data were extracted and synthesised in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
resultsOf 139 articles retrieved, three are included in this review, focusing on mice cell models only, one of which investigates non-nicotine vapes. No studies on human cell models that fit the criteria were found. Mice were directly exposed to vape-infused materials from which their cells were extracted and evaluated, finding that exposure to thirdhand nicotine vape residue damages mice cells. The effects of non-nicotine vapes are inconclusive.
conclusionsThirdhand nicotine vape residue contributes to changes in some cells in mouse models but not others. Data available to date provide no convincing evidence of likely significant harm to humans. Further investigation is warranted to confirm or deny this impression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.