Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40283091›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Exploring a Novel Hypothesis: Could the Eye Function as a Radar or Ultrasound Device in Depth and Distance Perception? Neurophysiological Insights.

Hüseyin Findik, Muhammet Kaim, Feyzahan Uzun, Ayhan Kanat, Osman Nuri Keleş, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hüseyin FindikDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0001-7343-8757
Muhammet KaimDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0001-6523-7648
Feyzahan UzunDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-3050-0714
Ayhan KanatDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-8189-2877
Osman Nuri KeleşDepartment of Histology, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25030 Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0001-7740-8248
Mehmet Dumlu AydinDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25030 Erzurum, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-0383-9739

Funding

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University 02024012002188
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advancements in ocular physiology suggest that the eyes may function similarly to radar antennae or ultrasound probes, with the occipital cortex acting as a detector, challenging the traditional view of binocular vision as the primary mechanism for depth and distance perception.

methodsWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of the neuroanatomical and histological architecture of the neuro-optico-cortical systems in a male wild rabbit model. The objective was to identify potential structural and functional similarities between the retino-optical system and radar/ultrasound effector-detector systems.

resultsHistological examination revealed significant similarities between retinal morphology and radar/ultrasound systems. The outermost retinal layer resembled an acoustic lens, with underlying layers functioning as acoustic matching layers. The ganglion cell layer exhibited characteristics akin to the piezoelectric elements of transducers.

conclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that the retinal apparatus functions similarly to radar antennae or ultrasound probes. Light-stimulated retinal-occipital cortex cells perceive objects and emit electromagnetic waves through the retina, which are reflected by objects and processed in the occipital cortex to provide information on their distance, shape, and depth. This mechanism may complement binocular vision and enhance depth and distance perception in the visual system. These results open new avenues for research in visual neuroscience and could have implications for understanding various visual phenomena and disorders.

Indexed as

depth perceptiondistance perceptionneurophysiologyradarretinaultrasoundvisual system

Identifiers

PMID40283091
PMCPMC12028447

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.