Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40282675›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Intrinsic Dimension of Neural Network Ensembles.

Francesco Tosti Guerra, Andrea Napoletano, Andrea Zaccaria

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Francesco Tosti GuerraDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8604-6373
Andrea NapoletanoIstituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC-CNR), UOS Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Andrea ZaccariaIstituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC-CNR), UOS Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4478-3292

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this work, we propose to study the collective behavior of different ensembles of neural networks. These sets define and live on complex manifolds that evolve through training. Each manifold is characterized by its intrinsic dimension, a measure of the variability of the ensemble and, as such, a measure of the impact of the different training strategies. Indeed, higher intrinsic dimension values imply higher variability among the networks and a larger parameter space coverage. Here, we quantify how much the training choices allow the exploration of the parameter space, finding that a random initialization of the parameters is a stronger source of variability than, progressively, data distortion, dropout, and batch shuffle. We then investigate the combinations of these strategies, the parameters involved, and the impact on the accuracy of the predictions, shedding light on the often-underestimated consequences of these training choices.

Indexed as

ensemble learningintrinsic dimensionmachine learning explainabilityneural network

Identifiers

PMID40282675
PMCPMC12025527

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.