Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40282593›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Model for the Formation of Beliefs and Social Norms Based on the Satisfaction Problem (SAT).

Bastien Chopard, Franck Raynaud, Julien Stalhandske

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Bastien ChopardComputer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6638-0945
Franck RaynaudComputer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6667-7370
Julien StalhandskeComputer Science Department, University of Geneva, 7 Route de Drize, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We propose a numerical representation of beliefs in social systems based on the so-called SAT problem in computer science. The main idea is that a belief system is a set of true/false values associated with claims or propositions. Each individual assigns these values according to its cognitive system in order to minimize logical contradictions, thus trying to solve a satisfaction problem. Social interactions between agents that disagree on a proposition can be introduced in order to see how, in the long term, social norms and competing belief systems build up in a population. Among other metrics, entropy is used to characterize the diversity of belief systems.

Indexed as

belief systems and norm formationcognitive modelsatisfaction problems (SAT)sociophysics

Identifiers

PMID40282593
PMCPMC12025432

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.