ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Immersive Extended Reality (I-XR) in Medical and Nursing for Skill Competency and Knowledge Acquisition: A Systematic Review and Implications for Pedagogical Practices.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Integration of Virtual and Augmented Reality Into Obstetric Nursing and Midwifery Education: Systematic Review.JMIR nursing · 2026Pooled it
- The use of the extended reality technologies in simulation-based health professions education: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Immersive virtual reality vs. traditional instruction for short-term learning and follow-up outcomes in the Bobath concept: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- The global contributions and emerging trends of extended reality-driven transformation in orthopedic surgical education: a bibliometric study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Extended Reality at Bedside: Point-of-Care Simulation for Learning Point-of-Care Ultrasound.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- Construction of a virtual simulation teaching system for medical imaging education: a single-center experience.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the learning experiences and optimization pathways of nursing master's students in an Evidence-Based Nursing course: a mixed-methods study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing Educators' Perspectives on Accepting Extended Reality in Health Care Education: Qualitative Study.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Simulation has evolved from basic practice to Immersive Extended Reality (I-XR). This systematic review examined 56 published studies on the impact of I-XR, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), on the education of medical and nursing students, specifically their skill competency, and knowledge acquisition. The results demonstrate the significant potential of I-XR in healthcare education, with 42.5% of VR studies, 42.9% of AR studies, and the single MR study also demonstrating greater improvements in clinical skills and knowledge acquisition compared to non-immersive (non-I-XR) training conditions. In contrast, only 2.5% of VR studies and 7.14% of AR studies favored non-I-XR methods. It is important, however, to acknowledge the 26.8% of studies that showed mixed results (some evidence for the I-XR methods on some outcomes, but also some evidence for the non-I-XR methods, on other outcomes). Notably, the review also identified a critical gap in the theoretical foundations of I-XR learning, highlighting the urgent need for research to inform the effective pedagogical implementation of these powerful tools. We offer a preliminary framework to address the lack of learning theory in healthcare I-XR training, with implications for pedagogical practices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.