Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40281454›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025

Long-term immune response after SARS-CoV2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients.

Cecilia Bonazzetti, Alice Toschi, Dino Gibertoni, Natascia Caroccia, Michela Di Chiara, Silvia Vituliano, Federica Lanna, Alessandro Croci, Beatrice Tazza, Armando Amicucci and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Pan-European Fragile Populations Cohort for COVID-19: What Worked, What Didn't, and Lessons Learned.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Cecilia BonazzettiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alice ToschiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Dino GibertoniEpidemiology and Statistics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Natascia CarocciaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Michela Di ChiaraInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Silvia VitulianoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Federica LannaMicrobiology Unit, Department of Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandro CrociDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Beatrice TazzaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Integrated Infectious Risk Management, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Armando AmicucciDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Maria Cristina MorelliInternal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Giorgia ComaiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Elena SalvaterraDivision of Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Luciano PotenaHeart Failure and Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Pierluigi VialeDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Maddalena GiannellaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. maddalena.giannella@unibo.it.
Tiziana LazzarottoDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101016167Ricerca Corrente 2022 funding programme of the Italian Ministry of Health N. RC-2022-2774290
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is associated with suboptimal antibody response (AbR) favouring breakthrough infection (BI). The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) remains uncertain.

methodsSingle-center prospective longitudinal cohort study of adult SOT recipients monitored for both AbR and CMI at 6 ± 2 months after booster dosage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Primary end-point was BI diagnosis and CMI was the main risk factor. Relationship between CMI and BI was investigated by bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression.

resultsCMI was performed in 139 patients. In 66 patients BI was documented before CMI, thus 73 (33 kidney, 24 liver, 14 lung, 2 heart) were analysed. The first 2 vaccine doses consisted of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 in 69.1% and 30.9% of cases, respectively. Whereas mRNA-1273 was used as for third dose in 91.2% of patients. At a median of 215 (IQR 181-252) days after booster dose, 40 (54.8%) patients displayed both AbR and CMI, 21 (28.8%) only AbR and 12 (16.4%) neither AbR or CMI; there were no patients showing negative AbR and positive CMI. Overall, 22 (30.1%) patients reported BI with no significant differences between those with positive vs. negative CMI (59.1% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.798), confirmed by multiple logistic regression after adjusting for age, type of vaccine and organs, high AbR and time from transplant.

conclusionOur data suggest that in the solid organ transplant population of our cohort, cell-mediated immunity does not appear to be a strong predictor of BI.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesOrgan TransplantationSARS-CoV-2Transplant Recipients2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273AdultAgedAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineBreakthrough InfectionsFemaleHumansImmunity, CellularImmunization, SecondaryLongitudinal Studies2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273Antibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesAntibody responseCellular mediated immunitySars-CoV2 vaccineSolid organ transplant

Identifiers

PMID40281454
PMCPMC12032695

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.