SynthesisEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2025
Efficacy of combined targeted radionuclide therapy and immune checkpoint Inhibition in animal tumour models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Synthesis in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: Current Landscape and Combination Approaches to Improve Oncology Outcomes.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- CAIX-targeted α therapy directed against hypoxic tumor cells in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in a syngeneic mouse tumor model.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Influence of immune checkpoint inhibitor target and timing on combination treatment with antibody-based β-emitting targeted radionuclide therapy across tumor immunogenicity profiles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Combined radioligand therapy and immunotherapy for cancer: research advances and translational challenges.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Lead radionuclides for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine: from atom to bedside.Theranostics · 2026Review
- α-Therapy and Combination Strategies to Overcome Resistance and Enhance Clinical Outcomes in Prostate Cancer.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Article
- Radiopharma pipeline builds ahead of key data.Nature cancer · 2025Article
- Nanobodies and their derivatives: pioneering the future of cancer immunotherapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGiven radiation's immunomodulatory effects and the complementary anti-cancer mechanisms of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) and immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), their combination holds promise as a cancer treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the literature on the therapeutic efficacy of combined TRT/ICI in animal tumour models.
methodsA systematic search in MEDLINE-PubMed and Embase-OVID was performed. Study characteristics and risk of bias were assessed. Outcome parameters included normalized area under the tumour growth curve and restricted mean survival time, of which ratios between combined treatment and untreated and monotherapy groups were analysed in a random-effects meta-analyses. Predefined subgroup analyses explored potential moderators of treatment efficacy.
resultsIn total, 31 studies were included. Study characteristics such as animal sex and age, cancer type, TRT target, and radionuclides, varied considerably across studies. The quality of the included studies could not always be assessed due to poor reporting. All meta-analyses indicated significantly improved survival and tumour growth of combination treatment over untreated, TRT and ICI monotherapy controls (RMST ratio 1.96 [1.72-2.23], 1.44 [ 1.34-1.55], 1.54 [1.38-1.72], and nAUC ratio 0.32 [0.25-0.42], 0.49 [0.41-0.59], 0.41 [0.31-0.55], respectively), with high between-study heterogeneity (I
conclusionThis systematic review highlights the therapeutic potential of combined TRT/ICI treatment, demonstrating preclinical proof-of-concept and supporting its further evaluation in clinical trials. However, the current literature remains insufficient to determine optimal treatment parameters like TRT tumour-absorbed dose and ICI type for clinical translation. Further research with improved reporting standards should systematically evaluate the impact of such parameters to enable robust comparisons.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.