ArticleSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism2025
Non-TNFi biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: A propensity score-matched, active-comparator, new-user study.
Article in Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Therapeutic approaches for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review of current evidence.RMD open · 2026Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization identifies multiple immune cell surface markers as potential causal contributors and drug targets in rheumatoid arthritis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- What to do when the first TNF inhibitor fails in rheumatoid arthritis: stratified expert recommendations from a scoping review and Delphi consensus.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a review of mechanisms and clinical evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Complications in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- From Gut to Lung: The Role of Bile Acids in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD).Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to compare treatment outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) between initiators of rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, and tofacitinib using the Target Trial Emulation Framework.
methodsWe emulated three trials comparing abatacept, tocilizumab, and tofacitinib with rituximab (reference). Patients fulfilling validated RA-ILD algorithms initiating one of these non-TNFi b/tsDMARDs were propensity score (PS)-matched (1:1) using national Veterans Affairs (VA) data from 2006 to 2020. PS models included demographics, comorbidities, general health status indicators, and several RA- and ILD-related severity measures. Composite study outcomes were death and respiratory-related hospitalization, ascertained by VA data and linkages to the National Death Index and Medicare, over three-year (primary) and one-year follow-up periods (secondary). Cox regression models were used to analyze study outcomes adjusting for any unbalanced variables. Several sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.
resultsIn the primary cohort, we 1:1 matched abatacept (n = 150), tocilizumab (n = 73), and tofacitinib (n = 94) with equal numbers of rituximab initiators (mean age 68.1-69.4 years, 88-92 % male). There were no significant differences in the primary composite outcome among any of the comparisons (abatacept aHR: 1.03 [0.72, 1.47]; tocilizumab aHR: 1.15 [0.68, 1.93]; tofacitinib aHR: 0.89 [0.54, 1.46]). Secondary, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses supported the main findings.
conclusionsWe did not find significant differences in mortality or respiratory hospitalization between RA-ILD patients initiating different non-TNFi b/tsDMARDs, though estimates were imprecise, and residual confounding may be present. These findings emphasize the need for clinical trials of advanced immunomodulatory therapies in RA-ILD.
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