ArticleThe Journal of surgical research2025
Environmental Exposures to Metal Toxins as a Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study.
Article in The Journal of surgical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Epigenetic regulation of the β-catenin pathway in cadmium-induced colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and third most deadly cancer in the United States The role environmental toxins may contribute to CRC incidence is unknown. Cadmium and arsenic are known human carcinogens, although previous data have primarily focused on occupational exposures only. There are no studies on the relationship between environment metal exposures and the incidence of CRC using individual-level measurements from biospecimens.
methodsA pilot case-control study was conducted. Urine and blood specimens were collected. Arsenic and cadmium were measured via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Logistic regression was used to estimate Odds Ratios of CRC incidence and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) adjusted for age, gender, family history and smoking or urinary cotinine. Each metal was modeled as a binary variable (high versus low) based on the controls' median value or the limit of detection values.
resultsSeventy-nine urine and 84 blood specimens were analyzed. Compared to those with low metal levels, the adjusted odds of incident CRC were 1.77 times higher (95% CI: 0.62-5.00), 1.90 times higher (95% CI: 0.68-5.31), and 1.29 times higher (95% CI:0.45-3.72), for those with higher urinary arsenic, urinary cadmium, and blood arsenic, respectively.
conclusionsThis is the first study evaluating individual-level measurements of environmental exposures to metal carcinogens and their association with CRC incidence. These pilot results are not statistically significant, although the mildly positive associations may become more profound as recruitment continues. Continued evaluation of environmental toxins and CRC incidence remains warranted.
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