Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40278930›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica2025

Neuronal pSTAT1 hallmarks synaptic pathology in autoimmune encephalitis against intracellular antigens.

Giovanni Di Liberto, Kristof Egervari, Alberto Vogrig, Marianna Spatola, Margot Piccinno, Ilena Vincenti, Ingrid Wagner, Mario Kreutzfeldt, Verena Endmayr, Karoline Ostertag and 21 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. [Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Giovanni Di LibertoDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kristof EgervariDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Alberto VogrigDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Marianna SpatolaNeuroimmunology Program, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and Caixa Research Institute (CRI), Barcelona, Spain.
Margot PiccinnoDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ilena VincentiDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ingrid WagnerDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Mario KreutzfeldtDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Verena EndmayrDivision of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Karoline OstertagDepartment of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria.
Jasmin RahimiDepartment of Neurology and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria.
Alex VicinoDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Anne-Katrin PröbstelDepartment of Neurology and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
David MeyronetInstitute of Neuropathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
Stephan FrankDepartment of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Marco PrinzInstitute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Ekkehard HewerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jean-Philippe BroulandDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laurence de LevalDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laura ParkkinenNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bogdan DraganskiUniversitätsklinik für Neurologie, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Virginie DesestretFrench Reference Center On Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, MeLiS - UCBL - CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Divyanshu DubeyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Sean J PittockDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
Shanu F RoemerDepartment of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
Dennis W DicksonDepartment of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
Romana HöftbergerDivision of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Sarosh R IraniDepartment of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
Jérôme HonnoratFrench Reference Center On Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, MeLiS - UCBL - CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Renaud Du PasquierDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Doron MerklerDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. doron.merkler@unige.ch.

Funding

Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-18-RHUS-0012European Research Council 865026National MS Society FG-1708-28871Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 310030_215050Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 320030_179531Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung 32NE30_198552, CRSII5_209510, 32003B_212466, 324730_192755 and 32NE30_221732Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung PCEFP3_194609
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an inflammatory syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by aberrant immune responses against neuronal intracellular (IC-AE) or surface (NS-AE) autoantigens. The resulting neuronal alterations and clinical trajectories differ, with IC-AE often leading to fatal outcomes. Unfortunately, the scarce availability of tissue from AE cases has hampered systematic analyses that would allow an understanding of the pathogenesis underlying neuronal alterations in T cell-mediated AE syndromes. Here, we assembled a cohort comprising both NS-AE (n = 8) and IC-AE (n = 12) from multiple institutions to delineate key histopathological features that distinguish neuronal pathology between IC-AE and NS-AE. In contrast to NS-AE, IC-AE lesions present a prominent neuronal pSTAT1 signature, accompanied by a high proportion of brain-resident memory CD8 + T cells and neurodegenerative GPNMB + phagocytes which show synaptic engulfment with little C3-complement deposition. Our findings highlight distinct histopathological features of IC-AE compared to NS-AE, providing actionable biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment strategies.

Indexed as

EncephalitisHashimoto DiseaseNeuronsSTAT1 Transcription FactorSynapsesAdultAgedAutoantigensBrainCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultAutoantigensSTAT1 Transcription FactorNeurodegenerationNeuroinflammationPhagocytesResident memory T cellsSynapses

Identifiers

PMID40278930
PMCPMC12031792

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.