ReviewToxics2025
A Review on the Prevalence and Treatment of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hospital Wastewater.
Review in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospital wastewater in Niamey, Niger.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Source-Resolved Wastewater Metagenomics Reveals Distinct Resistome and Virulome Landscapes Across an Urban Wastewater Continuum.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Wastewater-Based Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Communities in Urban and Rural Areas in the Province of Trento (Italy).MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Effect of alkaline pretreatment on cephalosporin degradation and microbial susceptibility in wastewater of cephalosporin drug manufacturing plant.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hospital Wastewater as a Reservoir of Contaminants of Emerging Concern: A Study Report from South America, Chile.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global environmental and health threat. Approximately 4.95 million deaths were associated with antibiotic resistance in 2019, including 1.27 million deaths that were directly attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Hospital wastewater is one of the key sources for the spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Understanding the current situation of ARGs in hospital wastewater is of great significance. Here, we review the prevalence of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in hospital wastewater and wastewater from other places and the treatment methods used. We further discuss the intersection between ARGs and COVID-19 during the pandemic. This review highlights the issues associated with the dissemination of critical ARGs from hospital wastewater into the environment. It is imperative to implement more effective processes for hospital wastewater treatment to eliminate ARGs, particularly during the current long COVID-19 period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.