Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40278512›Full record

ArticleMethods and protocols2025

Analysis of Processing, Post-Maturation, and By-Products of shRNA in Gene and Cell Therapy Applications.

Zhenyi Hong, Nikola Tesic, Xavier Bofill-De Ros

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods and protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Zhenyi HongDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Nikola TesicSeven Bridges Genomics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Xavier Bofill-De RosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-1630-0652

Funding

NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201400008CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201500003CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201500003I
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are potent tools for gene silencing, offering therapeutic potential for gene and cell therapy applications. However, their efficacy and safety depend on precise processing by the RNA interference machinery and the generation of minimal by-products. In this protocol, we describe how to systematically analyze the processing of therapeutic small RNAs by DROSHA and DICER1 and their incorporation into functional AGO complexes. Using standard small RNA sequencing and tailored bioinformatic analysis (QuagmiR), we evaluate the different steps of shRNA maturation that influence processing efficiency and specificity. We provide guidelines for troubleshooting common design pitfalls and off-target effects in transcriptome-wide profiling to identify unintended mRNA targeting via the miRNA-like effect. We provide examples of the bioinformatic analysis that can be performed to characterize therapeutic shRNA. Finally, we provide guidelines for troubleshooting shRNA designs that result in suboptimal processing or undesired off-target effects. This protocol underscores the importance of rational shRNA design to enhance specificity and reduce biogenesis by-products that can lead to off-target effects, providing a framework for optimizing the use of small RNAs in gene and cell therapies.

Indexed as

bioinformatic analysislibrary preparationmiRNA-based shRNAspost maturationprocessingRNA extractionshRNA

Identifiers

PMID40278512
PMCPMC12029666

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.