ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2025
Prevalence of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (PROVA) Study.
Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
(1) Background: Prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the general population is estimated at around 24%. We hypothesized that right-to-left shunting (RLS) resulting from PFO might contribute to angina symptoms in patients with coronary artery spasm (CAS), potentially triggered by vasoactive metabolites. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PFO-related RLS in patients with documented CAS. (2) Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study included patients with documented CAS undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), including a contrast bubble study between 2021 and 2023. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) were used to survey patients. (3) Results: RLS (PFO group) was observed in 11 of the 48 patients included (23%). In the PFO group, 64% had epicardial spasm and 36% microvascular spasm. Furthermore, RLS was more prevalent in patients with CAS and concomitant migraine (29%). Remarkably, the density plot of the SAQ summary score showed a worse score for patients with RLS (median of 38 [Q1-Q3: 31-49]) than patients without RLS (median of 49 [Q1-Q3: 41-55]) (
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