ArticleJournal of xenobiotics2025
Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory and Heavy Metal Biomarkers in Exclusive E-Cigarette Users, Combustible Tobacco Users, and Non-Users Aged 18-30: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Analysis.
Article in Journal of xenobiotics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of Youth Exposure to Nicotine-Containing Aerosols: Findings from a College Survey.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Hematological Parameters in Young Users of Heated Tobacco Products in Poland-A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Smoking and liver diseases: an updated review of pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While cigarette smoking has declined, e-cigarette use among young adults has increased in the USA. This cross-sectional study compared complete blood counts, C-reactive protein, and select blood metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, manganese) among exclusive combustible tobacco users, exclusive e-cigarette users, and non-users using NHANES data from 2013-2023 in the USA. The goal of this study was to compare biomarker data from e-cigarette users and combustible tobacco users to that of non-users. Among 756 participants aged 18-30, 229 reported no tobacco use, 74 used only e-cigarettes, and 453 smoked only combustible tobacco. Survey-weighted analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index revealed that exclusive combustible use was associated with significantly elevated white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and higher blood lead and cadmium. E-cigarette-only use showed fewer deviations overall but included higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lower cadmium, selenium, and methyl mercury relative to non-users. Neither group differed significantly in red blood cell count or C-reactive protein, and inorganic/ethyl mercury and manganese levels were largely unchanged. These findings underscore pronounced hematologic and metal-related alterations in combustible tobacco users and fewer, but not negligible, changes among e-cigarette users. Further research is needed to determine the long-term health implications of exclusive e-cigarette use, including potential impacts on antioxidant micronutrient levels.
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Registered trials
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