Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40277834›Full record

ReviewDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Rabies Vaccination and Public Health Insights in the Extended Arabian Gulf and Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Helal F Hetta, Khalid S Albalawi, Amal M Almalki, Nasser D Albalawi, Abdulmajeed S Albalawi, Suleiman M Al-Atwi, Saleh E Alatawi, Mousa J Alharbi, MeshaL F Albalawi, Ahmad A Alharbi and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Helal F HettaDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Khalid S AlbalawiDepartment of Supply Chain, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Amal M AlmalkiDepartment of Supply Chain, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Nasser D AlbalawiDepartment of Supply Chain, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulmajeed S AlbalawiDepartment of Supply Chain, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Suleiman M Al-AtwiDepartment of Supply Chain, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Saleh E AlatawiPrimary Health Care, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Mousa J AlharbiMinistry of Health Tabuk Region, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
MeshaL F AlbalawiExecutive Management for Quality & Institutional Excellence, Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk 47311, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad A AlharbiDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0002-1100-4771
Hassabelrasoul ElfadilDivision of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7964-1294
Abdullah S AlbalawiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0002-8967-9875
Reem SayadDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-4378-2714

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimThis systematic scoping review examines rabies-related incidents, interventions, and post-exposure immunoprophylaxis in the Arabian Gulf region and Saudi Arabian Peninsula.

methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, WoS, MedLine, and Cochrane Library up to July 2024. Studies were included discussing the reported cases of rabies that received the PEP in all countries of the Arabian Gulf, their epidemiological data, the received schedules of vaccination, and their safety. The search was done by using the following terminologies: rabies vaccine, rabies human diploid cell vaccine, vaccine, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Southwest Asia, Iran, West Asia, Western Asia, Persian Gulf, Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Ajam, Saudi Arabian Peninsula, and The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

resultsThe systematic scoping review included 36 studies, synthesizing findings from diverse research designs, including large-scale cross-sectional studies and case reports, spanning nearly three decades. Findings indicated that young males in urban areas are most at risk for animal bites, predominantly from domestic dogs and cats. While post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was generally administered within recommended timeframes, vaccination completion rates varied.

conclusionsThe review highlighted gaps in public awareness about rabies risks and prevention. Vaccine safety profiles were generally favorable, with mostly mild-to-moderate side effects reported. The study underscores the need for enhanced public health education, standardized PEP protocols, and a One Health approach to rabies prevention.

Indexed as

post-exposure prophylaxisrabiesvaccination protocols

Identifiers

PMID40277834
PMCPMC12025472

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.