Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40277718›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Development of Polyampholyte Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Diapers with Improved Biocompatibility.

Beatriz Simões, Rafael C Rebelo, Sara Ledesma, Patrícia Pereira, Rui Moreira, Brígida C Ferreira, Jorge F J Coelho, Arménio C Serra

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Beatriz SimõesCEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
Rafael C RebeloCEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0317-9504
Sara LedesmaDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente (IQTMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna, 3., 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.ORCID 0009-0001-9183-4574
Patrícia PereiraCEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-5665-5271
Rui MoreiraCERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
Brígida C FerreiraInstituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-7988-7545
Jorge F J CoelhoCEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
Arménio C SerraCEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-8664-2757

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00645/2020Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia LA/P/0112/2020Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia REEQ/481/QUI/2006-RECI/QEQ-QFI/0168/2012, CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia UID/00285Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade REEQ/481/QUI/2006-RECI/QEQ-QFI/0168/2012, CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012Rede Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RNRRMN) REEQ/481/QUI/2006-RECI/QEQ-QFI/0168/2012, CENTRO-07-CT62-FEDER-002012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-biodegradable superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in personal care products (PCPs) pose significant environmental and health concerns despite their high absorption capacity. The aim of this study was to develop cellulose-based hydrogels as a sustainable alternative to those conventional SAPs, taking advantage of cellulose properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and hydrophilicity. A synthesized allyl cellulose (AC) derivative was copolymerized with unusual monomers used in the production of SAPs, and the influence of monomer ratios, crosslinking density, and the ratio of cellulose to monomers on the absorption capacity was investigated and optimized. The most promising hydrogels were fully characterized for the proposed application and compared with a commercial SAP extracted from a baby diaper. The cellulose-based hydrogels showed promising absorption capacities in synthetic urine (~15 g/g), and a high centrifuge retention capacity (12.5 g/g), which was only slightly lower than the commercial SAP. These new hydrogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and outperformed the established commercial diaper SAP. This study represents a more sustainable alternative to conventional SAPs, potentially reducing health risks while increasing the bio-based content of PCPs. Further optimization of these hydrogels could transform the hygiene product industry, by providing a balance between performance and environmental sustainability.

Indexed as

allyl cellulosebiocompatibilitycellulose copolymerscellulose hydrogelsdiapers

Identifiers

PMID40277718
PMCPMC12027145

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.