ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Sex differences in the executive and behavioral reserve of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring sex differences in bvFTD through clinician insights.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Educational attainment and sex modulate clinical outcomes in genetic frontotemporal dementia.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Sex differences in frontotemporal dementia.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Glymphatic activity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: Link with vascular function and astrocytic activation.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the executive and behavioral reserve of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSelf-reported sex influences brain resilience, but its role in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains unclear.
methodsWe analyzed 394 genetic-FTD patients and 279 controls from the ALLFTD consortium, assessing annual neuropsychological performance and MRI-based cortical thickness. Clinical characteristics and cortical thickness were compared between sexes. We used the residuals of linear regression models, which predict each participant's cognitive and behavioral performance levels relative to cortical thickness, as a proxy for reserve. We then modeled sex differences in longitudinal trajectories with linear mixed-effects models.
resultsSymptomatic females with genetic FTD had lower frontal cortical thickness than males, and the C9orf72 subgroup showed lower-than-expected frontal cortical thickness for a given level of executive functioning. Differences in cognitive reserve between sexes peaked near symptom onset but diminished thereafter. DISCUSSION: Females with genetic FTD showed higher cognitive reserve than males, suggesting that self-reported sex modulates resilience to frontotemporal neurodegeneration. HIGHLIGHTS: Females with genetic FTD showed higher cognitive reserve than males. Those differences were particularly pronounced in the C9orf72 and GRN subgroups. The higher cognitive reserve in females declined as the disease progressed.
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