Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40276496›Full record

ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2025

A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research-Part 7: Risks, limitations, safety and verification of medical AI systems.

Philipp W Winkler, Bálint Zsidai, Eric Hamrin Senorski, James A Pruneski, Michael T Hirschmann, Christophe Ley, Thomas Tischer, Elmar Herbst, Ayoosh Pareek, Volker Musahl and 6 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Artificial intelligence in orthopaedics: Enhanced examinations, ambient intelligence and the future of clinical practice.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Artificial intelligence agents in orthopaedics: Concepts, capabilities and the road ahead.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Philipp W WinklerDepartment for Orthopaedics and Traumatology Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-3997-1010
Bálint ZsidaiDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
Eric Hamrin SenorskiSahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Göteborg Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0147
James A PruneskiDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu Hawaii USA.
Michael T HirschmannDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz Switzerland.
Christophe LeyDepartment of Mathematics University of Luxembourg Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg.
Thomas TischerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery University Medicine Rostock Rostock Germany.
Elmar HerbstDepartment of Trauma Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hosptial Muenster Münster Germany.
Ayoosh PareekSports Medicine and Shoulder Institute Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA.
Volker MusahlDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.
Jacob F OedingDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.
Felix C OettlDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich Zurich Switzerland.
Umile Giuseppe LongoFondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico Roma Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4063-9821
Kristian SamuelssonDepartment of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5383-3370
Robert FeldtDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden.
ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been influencing healthcare and medical research for several years and will likely become indispensable in the near future. AI is intended to support healthcare professionals to make the healthcare system more efficient and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Despite the numerous benefits of AI systems, significant concerns remain. Errors in AI systems can pose serious risks to human health, underscoring the critical need for safety, as well as adherence to ethical and moral standards, before these technologies can be integrated into clinical practice. To address these challenges, the development, certification, and deployment of medical AI systems must adhere to strict and transparent regulations. The European Commission has already established a regulatory framework for AI systems by enacting the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act. This review article, part of an AI learning series, discusses key considerations for medical AI systems such as reliability, accuracy, trustworthiness, lawfulness and legal compliance, ethical and moral alignment, sustainability, and regulatory oversight. Level of Evidence: Level V.

Indexed as

AIcertificationdigitalizationfuturehealthcarerisksafetystandards

Identifiers

PMID40276496
PMCPMC12019299

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.