Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40276251›Full record

ArticleToxicology reports2025

Preclinical SC and IV repeat-dose toxicology of a cowpea mosaic virus - A cancer immunotherapy candidate.

Stephan T Stern, Jessica Fernanda Affonso de Oliveira, Jamie Gatus, Elijah Edmondson, Barry W Neun, Marina A Dobrovolskaia, Nicole F Steinmetz

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Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephan T SternNanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Jessica Fernanda Affonso de OliveiraAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Jamie GatusAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Elijah EdmondsonMolecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
Barry W NeunNanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Marina A DobrovolskaiaNanotechnology Characterization Lab, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Nicole F SteinmetzAiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapies focus on boosting the immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Amongst the various biologics under development for cancer immunotherapy, our team has focused on the study of plant viruses in this context. We have shown that intratumoral administration of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) relieves the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and elicits a potent, systemic and durable anti-tumor immune response. The potency of CPMV has been demonstrated in several tumor mouse models and in companion canine cancer patients. Toward clinical development, we here studied the pharmacology and safety of CPMV. The repeat-dose toxicity of CPMV was evaluated in female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats received three weekly treatments (subcutaneous or intravenous) of a fixed dose (∼20 mg/kg), and complete necropsy was performed either 24 hrs (acute toxicity group) or 14 day (recovery group) post-dose. All animals reached the scheduled euthanasia times, and no clinical abnormalities were noted during the study period. Important clinical chemistry, hematology and histopathology findings included decreased albumin/globulin ratio, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and lymphoid hyperplasia (Dunnett's test, p<0.05) - these changes support the immunostimulatory mode of action for CPMV. All other changes were considered mild, within historical range for the model, and/or not biologically significant. Neither a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) nor a no-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was established in this study. Overall, data indicate a good safety profile for the CPMV cancer immunotherapy candidate.

Indexed as

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)PharmacologyPlant virusesToxicology

Identifiers

PMID40276251
PMCPMC12019203

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