Independent and combined effects of fine particulate matter and greenness on autism spectrum disorder symptoms: investigating sensitive periods of exposure in the early two years of life.

Yi Liu, Wensu Zhou, Meng Liu, Yichao Wang, Shu Chen, Xiyue Xiong

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yi Liu *NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.

Wensu Zhou *School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Meng LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.

Yichao WangNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.

Shu ChenNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.

Xiyue XiongNHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The impact of exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm, PM Objective: This cross-sectional study recruited 108 children with ASD and aimed to quantify the independent and combined effects of PM Methods: We collected PM Results: Multiple linear models showed reduced total ABC, relating, and social independence scores with greenness exposure at 19-24 months after birth, while 7-12 months and first year exposures benefited social independence. Logistic models showed that PM Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of reducing air pollution and enhancing greenness to mitigate ASD symptoms.

Indexed as

air pollutionautism spectrum disorderchild healthgreennesssymptoms

Identifiers

PMID40276101

DOI10.3389/fped.2025.1561476

PMCPMC12018330

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.