Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40275345›Full record

ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2025

Relative validity of the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) against 11-day event-based ecological momentary assessment diaries of eating.

Kentaro Murakami, Nana Shinozaki, Tracy A McCaffrey, M Barbara E Livingstone, Shizuko Masayasu, Satoshi Sasaki

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Chrononutrition: Potential, Challenges, and Application in Managing Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kentaro MurakamiDepartment of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113 - 0033, Japan. kenmrkm@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-7753
Nana ShinozakiDepartment of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113 - 0033, Japan.
Tracy A McCaffreyDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
M Barbara E LivingstoneNutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Shizuko MasayasuIkurien-Naka, Ibaraki, Japan.
Satoshi SasakiDepartment of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113 - 0033, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23K01960
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA growing number of studies have investigated chrononutrition-related variables in relation to health outcomes. However, only a few questionnaires specifically designed for assessing chrononutrition-related parameters have been validated. We aimed to examine the relative validity of the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) against 11-day event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) diaries of eating.

methodsInformed by previous research, we developed the CNBQ for the comprehensive assessment of chrononutrition-related parameters, including sleep variables, eating frequency, timing of eating, duration of eating occasions, duration of eating windows, and time interval between sleep and eating, for workdays and non-workdays separately. Between February and April 2023, a total of 1050 Japanese adults aged 20-69 years completed the online CNBQ and subsequently kept event-based EMA food diaries for 11 days, including 6.5 workdays and 4.5 non-workdays on average.

resultsMean differences between estimates derived from the CNBQ and the EMA food diaries were < 10% for most of the variables examined, both for workdays (27 of 33; 82%) and non-workdays (25 of 33; 76%), and for variables based on differences between workdays and non-workdays, such as eating jetlag (5 of 6; 83%). Spearman correlation coefficients between estimates based on the CNBQ and estimates based on the EMA food diaries were ≥ 0.50 for 26 variables (79%) on workdays and 22 variables (67%) on non-workdays (e.g., mid-sleep time; total eating frequency; timing of first eating occasion, last eating occasion, first meal, and last meal; duration of first meal and last meal; duration of eating window; eating midpoint; and time interval between wake time and first eating occasion and between last meal and sleep time), and 2 variables based on differences between workdays and non-workdays (e.g., eating jetlag base on breakfast timing). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the limits of agreement were wide and that the bias of overestimation by the CNBQ was proportional as mean estimates of the CNBQ and EMA food diaries increased.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that the relative validity of the CNBQ justifies its use in estimating mean values and ranking individuals for the majority of chrononutrition-related parameters.

Indexed as

Diet RecordsEcological Momentary AssessmentFeeding BehaviorAdultAgedFemaleHumansJapanMaleMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSleepSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsYoung AdultChrononutritionChronotypeEating windowEcological momentary assessmentEpidemiologyMeal regularityMeal timingQuestionnaireSleepTemporal eating patterns

Identifiers

PMID40275345
PMCPMC12023641

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.