ArticleBMC urology2025
Post-ESWL urinary osteopontin level and ion-activity product of calcium oxalate are associated with stone recurrence after 5-year follow-up.
Article in BMC urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCalcium oxalate (CaOx) is the predominant component in over 80% of kidney stones. The formation and retention of kidney stones involve multiple mechanisms, including overgrowth on Randall's plaques-subepithelial calcium phosphate deposits in the renal papillae-and interactions between urinary crystals and renal tubular epithelial cells. Previous studies have shown that specific urinary proteins can either promote or inhibit CaOx crystal nucleation, growth, and retention. This study investigates changes in the urinary excretion of CaOx-related proteins before and after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), aiming to identify protein markers associated with stone formation and recurrence over a 5-year follow-up.
methodsThis study enrolled 54 patients with renal or ureteral stones treated with ESWL and 13 healthy controls. 24-hour urine samples were collected preoperatively and at 2 and 4 weeks post-ESWL for biochemical analysis. CaOx-related proteins were measured semi-quantitatively in urine samples before and after ESWL, including nucleolin-related protein (NRP), nuclear pore complex p62 (NPC), hyaluronic acid (HA), SLC26A6, CXCR4, osteopontin (OPN), Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs). Statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and logistic regression, were performed to identify factors related to 5-year stone recurrence. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
resultsBefore ESWL, stone patients exhibited significantly higher levels of NPC, HA, and CXCR4. All examined markers, except for Tamm-Horsfall protein, increased significantly at two weeks after ESWL. At four weeks post-EWSL, OPN and SLC26A6 remained higher. Correlations were observed between CXCR4, MMPs, stone size and ion-activity product of calcium oxalate (AP
conclusionsThe persistence of certain urinary proteins after ESWL implied the risk of stone recurrence despite stone removal. The stone recurrence at 5 years was significantly associated with higher urinary OPN and higher AP
trial registrationApproval was obtained from the ethics committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (National Taiwan University Hospital Ethics Committee approval: 200706054M).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.