ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2025
Comparison of the inflammatory biomarkers IL- 6, TNF-α, and CRP to predict the effect of nutritional therapy on mortality in medical patients at risk of malnutrition : A secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT.
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02517476 (Effect of Early Nutritional Therapy on Frailty, Functional Outcomes and Recovery of Undernourished Medical Inpatients Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Early Nutritional Therapy on Frailty, Functional Outcomes and Recovery of Undernourished Medical Inpatients Trial: The EFFORT Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inflammatory diet mediates the relationship between early life stress and inflammation in adolescents.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Current concepts on feeding the critically ill patient: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Linking Inflammation to Reduced Food Intake in Advanced Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Observational
- Article
- Nutritional needs of non-essential amino acids for intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs fed diets without soybean meal.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Comment on: Erythropoietin resistance among pediatric patients on chronic hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Nutrigenomics meets multi-omics: integrating genetic, metabolic, and microbiome data for personalized nutrition strategies.Genes & nutrition · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine-Driven Modulation of the Gut-Brain Axis: Innovative Approaches to Managing Chronic Inflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Monitoring the Biological Impact and Therapeutic Potential of Intermittent Fasting in Oncology: Assessing Strategies and Clinical Translational Challenges.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of Dietary Fiber Intake on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Complex Prehabilitation in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- The joint role of systemic immune-inflammation index and geriatric nutritional risk index in cancer survivors and their impact on all-cause mortality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is a key driver of disease-related malnutrition and patients with high inflammation may not show the same benefits from nutritional therapy as other patients. We compared in an exploratory manner the prognostic ability of interleukin- 6 (IL- 6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to predict outcome and response to nutritional therapy, respectively, within a large cohort of patients from a previous nutritional trial.
methodsThis is a secondary analysis of the Swiss-wide, multicenter, randomized controlled Effect of early nutritional therapy on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of malnourished medical inpatients Trial (EFFORT) trial comparing individualized nutritional support with usual care nutrition in medical inpatients. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality.
resultsWe included 996 patients with an overall mortality rate of 6% within 30 days. Compared to patients with low IL- 6 level < 11.2pg/mL, patients with high levels had a more than 3-fold increase in mortality at 30-days (adjusted HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.95-6.28, p < 0.001), but tended to have a less pronounced mortality benefit from individualized nutritional therapy as compared to usual nutritional care (hazard ratio 0.82 vs. 0.32). CRP and TNF-α were not associated with mortality, but patients with increased CRP levels > 100 mg/dl also showed a trend towards a diminished response to nutritional intervention (hazard ratio 1.25 vs. 0.47).
conclusionOur findings support the thesis that a high inflammatory state is linked to reduced benefits from nutritional therapy. Apparently, CRP and IL- 6 effectively predict treatment response, but IL- 6 may additionally serve as a prognostic marker for increased mortality. This finding might help to develop improved treatment strategies for patients with elevated inflammatory profiles.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476 (registered 7 August 2015).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.