ArticleBMC cancer2025
Clinicopathological characteristics of transcription factor-defined subtypes in bladder small cell carcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Molecular and immune characteristics of neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma - Implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSmall cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the bladder is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Characterizing transcription factor (TF)-defined subtypes may provide insights into its biology and inform targeted therapies. This study investigates lineage-specific TF expression in bladder SmCC, its association with clinicopathological features, and comparisons with prostate SmCC.
methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 9 cases of bladder SmCC and 6 cases of prostate SmCC diagnosed at a single cancer hospital in Japan. Immunohistochemistry was performed for lineage-specific TFs (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1) and neuroendocrine and other markers. Statistical comparisons were made using Fisher's exact test and independent samples t-tests.
resultsCombined SmCC morphology, including urothelial carcinoma (UC) (5 cases) and adenocarcinoma (2 cases), was more frequent in bladder SmCC than in prostate SmCC (78% [7 of 9 cases] vs. 17% [1 of 6 cases], p = 0.041). NEUROD1 was more frequently expressed in bladder SmCC than in prostate SmCC (67% [6 of 9 cases] vs. 0% [0 of 6 cases]; p = 0.028). NEUROD1 expression was more frequent in combined SmCC and UC bladder tumors than in other bladder SmCC tumors (100% [5 of 5 cases] vs. 25% [1 of 4 cases], p = 0.048). Conversely, HNF4A expression was absent in all combined SmCC and UC bladder tumors (0 of 5) but present in 75% (3 of 4) of other bladder SmCC tumors (p = 0.048). In 2 cases of bladder SmCC, NEUROD1 and POU2F3 were expressed in a mutually exclusive manner, with neuroendocrine markers expressed only in the NEUROD1-expressing component.
conclusionsNEUROD1 is characteristically expressed in bladder SmCC, especially in SmCC combined with UC, suggesting a distinct phenotype from prostate SmCC. These findings highlight the potential for TF-based classification to improve diagnostic accuracy and inform therapeutic strategies.
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