ArticleBMC public health2025
Cost-effectiveness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population screening in China: based on individual data from WHO Collaborating Centre-initiated 'Enjoying Breathing Program'.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Economic evaluations of screening and case-finding for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a systematic review.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Spirometry-Defined Small Airway Dysfunction in the High-Risk Population for COPD in Yunnan Province, China: A Population Based Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a significant and growing burden on China and the world. Early detection and diagnosis may be an effective way to alleviate this severe pressure on public health. The Enjoying Breathing Program (the Program), a nationwide one-time and two-step COPD screening and management program with long-term follow-up initiated by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre (WHO CC), has demonstrated its significant clinical benefit. However, the cost-effectiveness of the Program remains unknown.
methodsA lifetime Markov model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of the Program of COPD screening to no screening from a Chinese healthcare perspective. Patient-level data, including treatment rate, medication cost, transition probability, etc., were sourced from the Program. Other parameter data were sourced from published literature.
resultsEnjoying Breathing Program for COPD screening was proved probably cost-effective compared with no screening in China with an incremental cost of $118, and incremental health benefit gain of 0.021 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $5,679/QALY which was much less than willingness-to-pay (WTP) of 1×Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in 2022 ($11,814). Sensitivity analysis proved the robustness of the results and subgroup analysis demonstrated health benefits varied among different subgroups. Annual screening and higher compliance may further enhance the cost-effectiveness.
conclusionsDespite the underlying uncertainty, annual two-step COPD population screening in China may probably be cost-effective compared with no screening and deserves further large-scale implementation.
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