Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40275067›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

A biopsychosocial analysis of risk factors for persistent physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms among previously hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients.

Gisela Claessens, Debbie Gach, Frits H M van Osch, Daan Verberne, Joop P van den Bergh, Vivian van Kampen-van den Boogaart, Rosanne J H C G Beijers, Annemie M W J Schols, Eric van Balen, Caroline M van Heugten

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gisela ClaessensDepartment of Medical Psychology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands.
Debbie GachDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands.
Frits H M van OschDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands. fvosch@viecuri.nl.
Daan VerberneDepartment of Medical Psychology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands.
Joop P van den BerghDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Vivian van Kampen-van den BoogaartDepartment of Pulmonology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands.
Rosanne J H C G BeijersDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Annemie M W J ScholsDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eric van BalenDepartment of Medical Psychology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands.
Caroline M van HeugtenDepartment of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A significant number of COVID-19 survivors continue to experience persistent physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms up to one year after discharge. This study aimed to examine the frequency, severity, and progression of and risk factors for these symptoms. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included 126 COVID-19 patients admitted to the VieCuri Medical Centre between 2020 and 2022. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 12 months postdischarge, including pulmonary function tests, CT scans, bioimpedance analysis, and questionnaires on physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms. At both follow-up assessments, 31-32% of patients reported moderate to severe physical symptoms, 26-27% reported multiple cognitive symptoms, and 14-18% experienced depressive or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Only anxiety symptoms significantly decreased between the 3-month follow-up and the 12-month follow-up (from 22 to 12%; p = .014). The persistence of symptoms at 12 months was significantly associated with premorbid conditions (chronic respiratory disease, multiple comorbidities), illness severity (infection during the third wave), physical factors (COVID-19-related pulmonary abnormalities, lower total lung capacity, and dyspnoea), and cognitive and psychological factors (cognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression, and PTSS) (p < .05). These findings suggest that a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors continue to experience persistent symptoms due to biopsychosocial factors, thus emphasizing the need for a biopsychosocial approach in early screening and treatment.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultAgedAnxietyCognitionDepressionFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAnxietyCognitive dysfunctionDyspnoeaLung diseasesModels, biopsychosocialPost-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Identifiers

PMID40275067
PMCPMC12022332

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.