Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40275055›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Conformal prediction enables disease course prediction and allows individualized diagnostic uncertainty in multiple sclerosis.

Akshai Parakkal Sreenivasan, Aina Vaivade, Yassine Noui, Payam Emami Khoonsari, Joachim Burman, Ola Spjuth, Kim Kultima

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Knowledgeable Language Models as Black-Box Optimizers for Personalized Medicine.... International Conference on Learning Representations · 2026
    Article
  7. From lesion detection to outcome prediction: artificial intelligence and deep learning applications in multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Akshai Parakkal SreenivasanDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.
Aina VaivadeDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.
Yassine NouiDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-7546
Payam Emami KhoonsariDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-5517
Joachim BurmanDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden.
Ola SpjuthDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75124, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-2864
Kim KultimaDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden. kim.kultima@medsci.uu.se.

Funding

Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas) 2020-01267Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas) 2022-00940Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas) 2023-00905Svenska Läkaresällskapet (Swedish Society of Medicine) SLS-593521Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) 2020-03731 and 2020-01865Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) 2021-02189 and 2024-03161Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) 2021-02814
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate assessment of progression and disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS) is vital for timely and appropriate clinical intervention. The gradual transition from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) to secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is often diagnosed retrospectively with a typical delay of three years. To address this diagnostic delay, we developed a predictive model that uses electronic health records to distinguish between RRMS and SPMS at each individual visit. To enable reliable predictions, conformal prediction was implemented at the individual patient level with a confidence of 93%. Our model accurately predicted the change in diagnosis from RRMS to SPMS for patients who transitioned during the study period. Additionally, we identified new patients who, with high probability, are in the transition phase but have not yet received a clinical diagnosis. Our methodology aids in monitoring MS progression and proactively identifying transitioning patients. An anonymized model is available at https://msp-tracker.serve.scilifelab.se/ .

Identifiers

PMID40275055
PMCPMC12022056

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.