Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40274963›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2025

Longitudinal association of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure with lipid traits, in a healthy unselected population.

Yasrab N Raza, Julia S El-Sayed Moustafa, Xinyuan Zhang, Dongmeng Wang, Max Tomlinson, Mario Falchi, Cristina Menni, Ruth C E Bowyer, Claire J Steves, Kerrin S Small

Erratum issuedAbstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yasrab N RazaDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Julia S El-Sayed MoustafaDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Xinyuan ZhangDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Dongmeng WangDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Max TomlinsonDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Mario FalchiDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Cristina MenniDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Ruth C E BowyerDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Claire J StevesDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Kerrin S SmallDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK. kerrin.small@kcl.ac.uk.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/M004422/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) are synthetic substances with long half-lives. Their presence is widespread and pervasive, and they are noted for their environmental persistence. Research has shown these chemicals to be associated with dyslipidaemia, although few studies have considered the long-term associations in the general population.

objectivesThe aim of this study was to consider the longitudinal and cross-sectional associations with lipid phenotypes.

methodsWe investigated the association of these chemicals with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and the total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC:HDL), in a healthy unselected British population of twins (n = 2069), measured at three timepoints between 1996 and 2014.

resultsSerum levels of PFOA and PFOS decreased over time during this period. We demonstrate longitudinal associations across serum levels of both PFOA and PFOS, finding positive associations with TC (PFOA:β = 0.51, p = 1.9e-07; PFOS:β = 0.24, p = 3.8e-05) and LDL (PFOA:β = 0.61, p = 1.7e-11; PFOS:β = 0.42, p = 1.6e-14), and consistent negative associations with HDL and PFOA (β = -0.12, p = 0.003) and PFOS (β = -0.25, p = <2e-16). We also observe cross-sectional associations of PFAS with lipids across all three timepoints. IMPACT: PFAS remain persistent in the environment, despite regulations, due to their structural properties, leaving humans open to exposure. There is less understanding of how chronic low exposure to these chemicals, particularly within an unselected population, may impact health outcomes. This study reports the longitudinal associations of PFOA and PFOS over an 18-year window with 5 lipid phenotypes, highlighting that despite falling serum levels, PFAS exposure may lead to hyperlipidaemia. We further investigate the cross-sectional associations across three timepoints to understand time-dependent effects, demonstrating associations persist. This work aids our understanding on the long-term effect of chronic PFAS exposure.

Indexed as

Alkanesulfonic AcidsCaprylatesEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsLipidsAdultAgedCholesterolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedTriglyceridesAlkanesulfonic AcidsCaprylatesCholesterolEnvironmental PollutantsFluorocarbonsLipidsperfluorooctane sulfonic acidperfluorooctanoic acidTriglyceridesEpidemiologyHealth studiesPerfluorinated chemicalsPFAS

Identifiers

PMID40274963
PMCPMC7617748

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.