Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40274833›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Current-driven nonequilibrium electrodynamics in graphene revealed by nano-infrared imaging.

Y Dong, Z Sun, I Y Phinney, D Sun, T I Andersen, L Xiong, Y Shao, S Zhang, Andrey Rikhter, S Liu and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Y DongDepartment of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. yd2400@columbia.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-642X
Z SunDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-6248
I Y PhinneyDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
D SunDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
T I AndersenDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-1626
L XiongDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1616-108X
Y ShaoDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
S ZhangDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2158-2495
Andrey RikhterDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-9452
S LiuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
P Jarillo-HerreroDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-8213
P KimDepartment of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
C R DeanDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-5960
A J MillisDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
M M FoglerDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-7221
D A BandurinDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. dab@nus.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-4105
D N BasovDepartment of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. db3056@columbia.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-5387

Funding

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0019443
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrons in low-dimensional materials driven out of equilibrium by a strong electric field exhibit intriguing effects that have direct analogues in high-energy physics. In this work we demonstrate that two of these effects can be observed in graphene, leading to relevant implications for light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. For doped graphene, the Cherenkov emission of phonons caused by the fast flow of out-of-equilibrium electrons was found to induce direction-dependent asymmetric plasmon damping and an unexpected generation of photocurrent. For graphene close to charge neutrality, incident infrared photons were found to disrupt the creation-recombination balance of electron-hole pairs enabled by the condensed matter version of the Schwinger effect, resulting in an excess photocurrent that we term Schwinger photocurrent. Both Schwinger and Cherenkov photocurrents are different from other known light-to-current down conversions scenarios and thus expand the family of photoelectric effects in solid state devices. Through nano-infrared imaging methodology, we provide a more comprehensive view of current-driven nonequilibrium electrodynamics in graphene.

Identifiers

PMID40274833
PMCPMC12022129

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.