Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40274742›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

Telemedicine Experiences of Adults with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Future Accessibility.

Megan Cvitanovic, Justin Steinberg, Kim L Hing, Timothy Seay-Morrison, Malathi Srinivasan, Amanda Young, Kobie Respicio, Sue Digre, Colleen Vega, Felicia Hui and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Megan CvitanovicStanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Justin SteinbergStanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kim L HingSpecial Olympics Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Timothy Seay-MorrisonStanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA.
Malathi SrinivasanDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Amanda YoungSpecial Olympics Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Kobie RespicioSpecial Olympics Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Sue DigrePartners and Advocates for Remarkable Children and Adults (PARCA), Burlingame, CA, USA.
Colleen VegaStanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA.
Felicia HuiDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sarah TaylorDepartment of Social Work, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA.
Lauren ClarkeStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Sydney C WallsStanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lisa G RosasDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Holly K TaborStanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. hktabor@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1005-5008

Funding

Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute EASC-IDD-00298
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTelemedicine has experienced dramatic increases in availability and use, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is largely unknown whether adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (AIDD) can utilize telemedicine and have access to high-quality telemedicine care. Few studies have asked AIDD about their experiences with telemedicine. Existing studies have primarily focused on specialty care for IDD diagnoses, pediatric populations, or care in non-US settings.

objectiveCharacterize the experiences of AIDD with telemedicine using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach.

designA Community Advisory Board of AIDD and non-AIDD co-designed the study and focus group guide. Six virtual focus groups were conducted, four with AIDD and two with caregivers of AIDD (CAIDD), to solicit their experiences with and perspectives about telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

participantsTwenty-one AIDD and 13 CAIDD, recruited through community organizations and snowball sampling. APPROACH/MAIN MEASURES: Content analysis of focus group transcripts using consensus coding amongst three coders. KEY

resultsMost AIDD in the study had participated in telemedicine. Positive experiences/benefits included (1) convenience and privacy; (2) minimizing IDD-specific in-person challenges; and (3) reducing COVID-19 risks and facilitating triage. Negative experiences and challenges included (1) IDD-specific communication challenges; (2) concerns about the need for "hands-on stuff"; and (3) challenges with technology access and abilities. Participants had mixed experiences with tele-mental healthcare. Some worried about challenges arising from a post-pandemic return to in-person care for AIDD.

conclusionsParticipants found telemedicine beneficial, specifically in ways that mitigate existing barriers AIDD experience accessing and managing healthcare visits. While some of these benefits also exist for non-AIDD populations, they have specific potential to reduce health disparities for AIDD, even outside of a pandemic context. CBPR approaches centering AIDD voices are needed to validate and extend these results and to develop and test solutions.

Indexed as

COVID-19Developmental DisabilitiesHealth Services AccessibilityIntellectual DisabilityTelemedicineAdultAgedCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchFemaleFocus GroupsHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicscommunity-based participatory researchCOVID-19intellectual and/or developmental disabilitytelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID40274742
PMCPMC12586737

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.