Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40274741›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

Race, Ethnicity, and Mortality Following Major Osteoporotic Fracture: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Study.

Michaela Juels, Joseph C Larson, Kristine E Ensrud, Marcia L Stefanick, Aladdin H Shadyab, Lorena Garcia, Rami Nassir, Peter F Schnatz, Rebecca Nelson, Carolyn J Crandall

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Michaela JuelsDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mjuels@mednet.ucla.edu.ORCID 0009-0002-5626-8332
Joseph C LarsonFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kristine E EnsrudDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Marcia L StefanickDepartments of Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Center) and of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Aladdin H ShadyabHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Lorena GarciaDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Rami NassirDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Peter F SchnatzDepartments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital/Tower Health & Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Rebecca NelsonDepartment of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
Carolyn J CrandallDivision of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMajor osteoporotic fracture (MOF) is associated with increased mortality; however, few studies in postmenopausal women have examined racial and ethnic differences in 1-year and 5-year mortality following MOF.

objectiveTo assess 1-year and 5-year mortality following MOF by race and ethnicity.

designThis prospective cohort study included postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a population-based, multisite US study. Participants were followed from September 1994 to February 2023. Data were analyzed between August 2023 and November 2023.

participantsPostmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years old who experienced a MOF (N = 32,675 in 1 year and 29,506 in 5 years following MOF). MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported race and ethnicity. All-cause mortality was determined by death certificates, reports of surrogates, and the National Death Index Search. KEY

resultsThe baseline mean age of participants was 77.0 [SD = 8.5] years with 31,223 [95.6%] White participants in the 1-year mortality analysis, and 76.3 [SD = 8.5] years with 28,212 [95.6%] White participants in the 5-year mortality analysis. In fully adjusted models, compared to White women, Black women had a higher risk of mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.42, 95% CI [1.06, 1.90], while Asian women had a lower risk of mortality (aOR = 0.48 95% CI [0.27, 0.88]), within 1 year following MOF. Compared to White women, the mortality risk within 5 years after MOF was significantly higher among American Indian/Alaska Native (aOR = 3.30, 95% CI [1.65, 6.60]) and lower among Asian (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI [0.42,0.80]) women. While there were no mortality differences by ethnicity 1 year following MOF, Hispanic/Latina women were less likely to die 5 years following MOF (aOR = 0.74, [95% CI 0.57-0.96]) compared to Non-Hispanic/Latina women.

conclusionsIn this large prospective study, mortality following MOF differed by race. Future research is needed to delineate the mechanism behind these associations.

Indexed as

EthnicityOsteoporotic FracturesRacial GroupsWomen's HealthAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedMortalityPostmenopauseProspective StudiesUnited StatesHealth disparitiesMajor osteoporotic fractureOsteoporosisSocial determinants of healthWomen’s health

Identifiers

PMID40274741
PMCPMC12405089

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.