Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40273488›Full record

ArticleReproductive biomedicine online2025

Maternal, reproductive and perinatal factors and the risks of birth defects: traditional and emerging factors.

Barbara Luke, Sarah C Fisher, Nina E Forestieri, Mahsa M Yazdy, Dayana Betancourt, Caitlin R Sacha, Gayathree Murugappan, Katie Cameron, Valerie L Baker, Mitana Purkayastha and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive biomedicine online, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Barbara LukeDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.; Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.. Electronic address: lukeb@msu.edu.
Sarah C FisherBirth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Nina E ForestieriBirth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics, North Carolina, USA. Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Mahsa M YazdyMassachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Dayana BetancourtBirth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Texas Health and Human Services, Austin, Texas, USA.
Caitlin R SachaDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Gayathree MurugappanSpring Fertility, San Francisco, California, USA.
Katie CameronDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Valerie L BakerDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Mitana PurkayasthaPopulation, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Carrie WilliamsPopulation, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Alastair G SutcliffePopulation, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Melissa A RichardDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Philip J LupoDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA.

Funding

A US-UK Collaborative Study of the Health of Children Born From In Vitro Fertilization: From Conception Through Young AdulthoodR01HD112081 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BARBARA JOAN LUKE, Philip Lupo · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
Integrating Epidemiologic and Genomic Data to Elucidate the Genetic Overlap Between Congenital Anomalies and Pediatric CancerR01CA284531 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Chad Daniel Huff, Philip Lupo · 2023 to 2026
$1.9M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA284531NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD112081
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

research questionDoes an association exist between maternal, reproductive and perinatal factors, and the risks of major non-chromosomal birth defects?

designThis population-based cohort study included 1,126,058 naturally conceived singleton live births (21,644 with and 1,104,414 without a major non-chromosomal defect) who were born between 2004 and 2018 in New York, Texas, Massachusetts and North Carolina. All study children were linked to their respective state birth defect registries to identify major birth defects diagnosed within the first year of life, and to state death records. Children with chromosomal defects were excluded. Genitourinary defects were only evaluated in boys. Placental and bleeding issues included placenta previa, placental abruption, uterine bleeding and other excessive bleeding, and, at delivery, blood transfusion or unplanned hysterectomy. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were modelled using logistic regression.

resultsAmong major non-chromosomal defects, the highest significant risks were with pre-gestational diabetes (adjusted OR 2.48, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.74), followed by placental or bleeding issues (adjusted OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.66 to 1.99); this pattern was also evident for congenital heart defects, blastogenesis defects, orofacial defects, gastrointestinal defects and musculoskeletal defects. Hypertension (pre-gestational and gestational), prior caesarean delivery, older maternal age and higher body mass index were also significant risk factors.

conclusionsThe risk factors most strongly associated with major non-chromosomal birth defects were pre-gestational diabetes and placental or bleeding issues; other significantly increased risks were hypertension (pre-gestational and gestational), prior caesarean delivery, older maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index 30 kg/m

Indexed as

Congenital AbnormalitiesPregnancy ComplicationsAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornMaleMaternal AgePregnancyRisk FactorsYoung AdultBirth defectsBleeding complicationsDiabetesHypertension

Identifiers

PMID40273488
PMCPMC12129678

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.