SynthesisPloS one2025
The potential effectiveness of probiotics in reducing multiple sclerosis progression in preclinical and clinical studies: A worldwide systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbiome alterations in canine idiopathic epilepsy: a pairwise case-control study.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Efficacy (Cladribine) and Moderate-Efficacy (Interferon Beta-1a) Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiome Alterations in Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy: A Pairwise Case-Control Study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Innate lymphoid cells: unsung heroes or villains in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis?Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Farnesol, the farnesol pathway, and the immune-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Probiotics as a Complementary Medicine in Neurologic Disorders.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Leveraging microbiome-based interventions to improve the management of neurodegenerative diseases: evidence for effects along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by nerve cell inflammation and demyelination. The effectiveness of probiotics in reducing inflammatory damage in MS. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was the potential effectiveness of probiotics in reducing Multiple Sclerosis progression in preclinical and clinical studies.
methodsPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were searched using multiple relevant keywords, and screening was carried out based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria from January 2004 to August 16, 2024.
resultsBased on our criteria, 269 papers were obtained, and after omission of unsuitable articles, 23 full-text articles consisting of 17 animal studies and six human models were selected. It was concluded that in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model, probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus can decrease the T helper 1 (Th1)/Th17 ratio while inducing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17 levels. In all cases, probiotics can modulate immune cells and cytokines and consequently decrease EAE signs and symptoms. In all human studies, single or multiple probiotics decreased the severity of disease and changed the gut microbiota population.
conclusionOur results showed that probiotics can control the development of MS by reducing inflammatory conditions, and may have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.