Observational studyJAMA network open2025
Dwell Time and Risk of Bloodstream Infection With Peripheral Intravenous Catheters.
Observational study in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Variability in Vascular Access Device Use, Dwell Time and Failure: Insights From Routine Nursing Documentation in a Multicentre Cohort Study.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Observational
- Optimising antibiotic switching via forecasting of patient physiology.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Prevention of arterial catheter-related bloodstream infections: current evidence and future directions.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Factors associated with idle peripheral intravenous catheters: a point-prevalence study using the Donabedian model.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Iatrogenic Fracture of a Peripheral Intravenous Cannula: A Case Report.Journal of caring sciences · 2026Article
- Hospital-onset methicillin-resistantInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are rare but preventable adverse events. The association of dwell time with the risk of BSIs with PIVCs remains controversial. Objective: To analyze the risk of BSIs during PIVC maintenance therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this observational cohort study, all patients hospitalized at Geneva University Hospitals with at least 1 PIVC insertion on the upper extremity (N = 371 061) between January 1, 2016, and February 29, 2020, were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2023 to January 2025. Exposure: At least 1 PIVC insertion on the upper extremity. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was BSIs with PIVCs; data were collected by prospective BSI surveillance. The daily risk of BSIs with PIVCs was analyzed using the hazard rate function by kernel-based methods. Multivariable logistic models were performed to evaluate the risk of BSIs with PIVCs comparing different cutoff values of dwell times (>3 vs ≤3 days, >4 vs ≤4 days, >5 vs ≤5 days, and >6 vs ≤6 days). Results: A total of 371 061 PIVCs (median patient age, 63 years [IQR, 41-79 years]; 187 786 women [51%]) with documented catheter duration were included. A total of 140 178 PIVCs (38%) had a dwell time of 1 to 2 days, 119 252 (32%) had a dwell time of 3 to 4 days, and 111 631 (30%) had a dwell time of more than 4 days. The instantaneous risk of BSIs with PIVCs was low in the first 2 days of dwell time and increased rapidly thereafter. The risk of BSIs was significantly increased after 3 days of catheter maintenance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 13.55; 95% CI, 5.44-34.00). This risk was the highest after 3 days and remained increased thereafter (>4 days: AOR, 8.53; 95% CI, 4.47-16.28; >5 days: AOR, 5.38; 95% CI, 3.23-8.96; and >6 days: AOR, 7.63; 95% CI, 4.57-12.74). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of 371 061 PIVCs, dwell time was associated with the development of BSIs with PIVCs. After day 3, PIVC indication should be reviewed and PIVC replacement considered.
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