ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2025
Residual Breast Tissue After Four Types of Mastectomy: A Prospective, Comparative Study.
Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinically Silent Local Recurrence of Breast Cancer Detected in a Mastectomy Scar During DIEP Flap Reconstruction: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- ASO Author Reflections: Residual Breast Tissue After Mastectomy: Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundResidual breast tissue (RBT), defined as glandular tissue left behind after mastectomy, raises concerns about oncologic safety. However, data on its prevalence and clinical significance remain limited, with existing studies hampered by small sample sizes and inconsistent methodologies. This study evaluated the prevalence of RBT across four mastectomy types-simple mastectomy (SM), modified radical mastectomy (MRM), skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM), and nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM)-and identified factors influencing its presence.
methodsThis prospective study investigated 350 patients undergoing 403 mastectomies. Tissue samples were collected systematically from eight standardized locations beneath the skin flap for SM, MRM, and SSM, with an additional sample from under the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) for NSM. The study assessed RBT prevalence and associated factors including mastectomy type, breast size, prior surgeries, and surgeon experience.
resultsThe study found RBT in 34.2 % of cases, with no significant differences across mastectomy types (p = 0.71). In NSM, 93 % of the cases had RBT under the NAC. Larger breast size was associated with lower RBT prevalence, whereas prior surgeries significantly increased its occurrence (p = 0.03). Surgeon experience (≥ 50 mastectomies annually) was linked to reduced RBT rates in NSM.
conclusionsResidual breast tissue is a frequent finding regardless of mastectomy type, highlighting the need for standardized evaluation methods and further research into its clinical implications. Tailored surgical approaches and experienced surgeons may help mitigate RBT risk. This study provided critical insights into RBT prevalence and risk factors, offering a foundation for optimizing mastectomy techniques and improving patient outcomes.
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