SynthesisAnnals of hematology2025
Incidence of pneumonia among bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Synthesis in Annals of hematology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and associated chronic lung diseases.Haematologica · 2025Article
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3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) are utilized in the front-line setting as well as for relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, there are some uncertainties regarding the risk of infections, especially pneumonia, from different BTKi with varied immunomodulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immune system. The newer second-generation BTKi, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, have reduced off-target effects compared to ibrutinib. We identified clinical trials from MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from the inception to 30 June 2023 and the number of cases with any grade and grade ≥ 3 pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia (PJP), and other fungal pneumonia, along with the total number of patients in the arms with BTKi monotherapy were extracted. The meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method and the random-effects model. After two rounds of review, 18 clinical trials containing 20 arms of BTKi monotherapy were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled incidences of any grade and grade ≥ 3 pneumonia in patients with CLL on BTKi therapy were 13% and 8%, respectively. There were no differences in the incidences of any grade (p = 0.61) or grade ≥ 3 pneumonia (p = 0.30) among patients treated with different BTKi. However, the pooled incidences of any grade and grade ≥ 3 pneumonia were greater in R/R CLL patients compared to those who were treatment-naïve (15% vs 7%, p < 0.01 and 10% vs 5%, p = 0.04, respectively). The pooled incidences of PJP and other fungal pneumonia were 1% (I
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