ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2025
Data-Driven Subtypes of Parkinson Disease Based on Dopamine Responsiveness.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Canonical Neural Map and Its Deviations Shape Parkinson's Disease Phenotypes.Research square · 2026Article
- Long-term outcomes after caudal zona incerta-forel field ablation: three-year clinical follow-up in advanced Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsParkinson disease (PD) is highly heterogeneous in response to antiparkinsonian drugs. We herein aimed to identify PD subtypes based on dopamine responsiveness in three key motor signs (resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia).
methodsThe acute levodopa challenge test was performed. Improvement rates in resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia were calculated. A total of 228 PD patients were included for further analysis. Subtypes were determined by k-means clustering based on the improvement rates.
resultsFour subtypes were identified: rt-r-b, moderate improvement in resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia; RT-r-b, marked improvement in resting tremor but moderate improvement in rigidity and bradykinesia; RT-R-B, marked improvement in resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia; rt-R-B, moderate improvement in resting tremor but marked improvement in rigidity and bradykinesia. These subtypes also differed in other motor and nonmotor symptoms.
conclusionOur study reveals four distinct subtypes in PD patients based on dopamine responsiveness. Our findings provide a novel insight into understanding PD heterogeneity and facilitate precision treatment.
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