Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40271940›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Rheological Investigation of Polydimethylsiloxane with Glass Beads: A Model for Compression-Stiffening Effects in Soft Tissue Engineering.

Dawid Łysik, Joanna Mystkowska

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Dawid ŁysikInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5370-0030
Joanna MystkowskaInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3386-146X

Funding

National Science Center 2023/07/X/ST11/00511
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explores the rheological properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites with glass beads (GBs) to replicate the compression-stiffening behavior of biological tissues. The mechanical properties of soft tissues arise from interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and embedded cells. To mimic this, PDMS was used as a polymeric matrix, while rigid GBs acted as non-deformable inclusions facilitating stress redistribution. PDMS composites with 10%, 20%, and 30% GB concentrations were fabricated. Rheological analysis revealed that GBs significantly enhanced the storage modulus (G'), with stiffness increasing linearly under compression. The stiffening rate rose from 300 Pa/% (pure PDMS) to 387 Pa/%, 836 Pa/%, and 2035 Pa/% for 10%, 20%, and 30% GB, respectively, marking a sevenfold increase at the highest concentration. Similarly, the apparent Young's modulus increased from 150 kPa (pure PDMS) to 200 kPa, 300 kPa, and 380 kPa for composites with 10%, 20%, and 30% GB, respectively. PDMS-GB composites successfully reproduce the compression-stiffening effect observed in biological tissues, which may aid research in mechanobiology and tissue engineering.

Indexed as

compression stiffeningmechanobiologystorage modulus

Identifiers

PMID40271940
PMCPMC11990219

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.