The Effect of Hollow Polymer Microspheres on the Pore Structure and Frost Resistance of Cement Mortar.

Lihui Li, Jianrui Ji, Lingfeng Yu, Zhihui Luo, Panpan Zhang, Kaimin Niu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lihui LiSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5612-3267

Jianrui JiSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China.

Lingfeng YuSchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 850015, China.

Zhihui LuoSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China.

Panpan ZhangSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China.

Kaimin NiuSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400000, China.

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation of China； Science and Technology Project of the Department of Transport of Tibet Autonomous Region Grant No. 52178427, 52178428；Grant No. XZJTKJ [2020]04

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study elucidates the effects of total air content, pore size distribution, and bubble spacing coefficient on mortar frost resistance. It presents a systematic comparison between mortars obtained with different porous structures. Conventional porous mortars and mortars with controlled porosity were prepared using air-entraining agents (SJ2) and hollow polymer microspheres with a controllable particle size (WEA, 20-80 μm), respectively. The study shows that WEA can construct uniformly sized and regularly shaped pores in mortar and can introduce controllable and stable pore sizes compared with SJ2, which are almost independent of mixing, molding, hydration, and hardening factors. Under equivalent air content, WEA mortar exhibits superior mechanical properties and frost resistance compared to SJ2 mortar, showing a negative correlation with WEA particle size. The frost resistance of WEA (40 μm) mortar with 1% volume content is comparable to that of SJ2 air-entrained mortar with 4% air content; i.e., compared to an SJ2 air-entraining agent, to achieve the same frost resistance level, WEA mortar has lower air content and a larger bubble spacing coefficient.

Indexed as

air-entrained mortarfrost resistancepore structure parametersspacing coefficientWEA

Identifiers

PMID40271875

DOI10.3390/ma18071644

PMCPMC11990415

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.