Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40271139›Full record

ArticleRoyal Society open science2025

Sexual differences in defensive strategies: investigating chemical defences and visual signals in a wasp moth

Georgina E Binns, Liisa Hämäläinen, Hannah M Rowland, Lorenzo Caputi, Maritta Kunert, Johanna Mappes, Giovanni M Ramon-Cabrera, Kate D L Umbers, Nathan S Hart, Marie E Herberstein

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Georgina E BinnsSchool of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-3696
Liisa HämäläinenSchool of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-915X
Hannah M RowlandMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-555X
Lorenzo CaputiDepartment of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7783-6733
Maritta KunertDepartment of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
Johanna MappesDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-5629
Giovanni M Ramon-CabreraSchool of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-4998
Kate D L UmbersHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-4527
Nathan S HartSchool of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-9399
Marie E HerbersteinSchool of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-2952

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aposematic animals use conspicuous warning signals to advertise their chemical defences to predators. Selection by predators can favour conspicuousness and large pattern elements, which enhance predator avoidance learning. In aposematic species, conspicuousness often varies among individuals. This variation can be explained if conspicuousness reflects the levels of chemical defences, if signal production or defence acquisition is costly, and if physiological trade-offs and opposing selection pressures impose constraints. To understand the link between conspicuousness and chemical defences, we need to quantify the variability in warning signals and identify the chemical compounds involved. Here, we examined the warning signal variability and chemical composition of the red-necked wasp moth (

Indexed as

aposematismAustraliametabolomicsplant alkaloidspredator defencestiger moths

Identifiers

PMID40271139
PMCPMC12015569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.