Recurrent Anemia Due To Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome.

Mucosal prolapse syndrome is a rare group of benign disorders mainly in the rectum. It often causes rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and anaemia. We report a case of severe anaemia due to mucosal prolapse syndrome requiring blood transfusion. A 36-year-old man was referred for further evaluation of recurrent iron deficiency anaemia. Initial examinations, including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and capsule endoscopy, revealed no significant abnormalities other than rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome without notable bleeding. Nine months later, despite oral iron therapy, the patient developed bloody stools and severe anaemia (haemoglobin 6.2 g/dl), requiring a transfusion. Colonoscopy showed an enlarged mucosal prolapse, which was strongly suspected as the cause of the anaemia, leading to a transanal lumpectomy. Postoperatively, the patient has remained symptom-free, with no recurrence of anaemia or bloody stools. While mucosal prolapse syndrome is an rare condition, clinicians should remain vigilant about its potential to cause severe anaemia requiring blood transfusion. LEARNING POINTS: Mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) is a benign group of conditions associated with mucosal prolapse and can appear in a variety of forms, mainly in the rectum.Although MPS is rare, clinicians should remain vigilant as it can lead to severe anaemia requiring blood transfusions.