ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Revealing the Role of Spacer Length and Methoxy Substitution of Dipodal Indolocarbazole-based SAMs on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Designing Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Self-Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Defect-Passivating and Dense Indolocarbazole-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells With over 26.1% Efficiency.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Revealing the Role of Spacer Length and Methoxy Substitution of Dipodal Indolocarbazole-based SAMs on the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The application of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) as selective charge transport layers in inverted perovskite solar cells (iPSCs) has attracted significant interest because of their ability to provide high-efficiency and stable devices. In this work, four dipodal SAMs are reported based on π-expanded indolo[2,3-a]carbazole, incorporated as hole-selective contacts in iPSCs. The presence of methoxy substituents and the spacer length in SAMs are modified to assess their influence on the device performance. For that, the ITO/SAM and ITO/SAM/PSCs interfaces are characterized in detail, including theoretical studies and analysis of the complete device performance. These results demonstrate the multifactorial effect that SAMs have on the growth of crystalline perovskite and the charge dynamics in the devices. The resulting iPSCs show power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 19.76% and 22.20% with fill factors exceeding 82% in all cases and good stability under continuous illumination. Notably, SAM combining unsubstituted indolocarbazole and longer pentyl spacer (5CPICZ) shows the highest PCE of 22.20%. In contrast, analogous SAMs with propyl spacers (3CPICZ) achiev a PCE of 22.01%. The experimental results reveal that the improved PCE reached with unsubstituted indolocarbazole SAMs is attributed to reduced charge recombination and longer carrier lifetime owing to effective perovskite surface passivation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.