Trial reportCritical care (London, England)2025
Early administration of vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock in emergency departments: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial: the C-EASIE trial.
Trial report in Critical care (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04747795 (Early Administration of Vitamin C in Patients With Sepsis or Septic Shock in Emergency Departments), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Administration of Vitamin C in Patients With Sepsis or Septic Shock in Emergency Departments: a Multicentre, Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial: the C-EASIE Trial
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intravenous vitamin C as micronutrient therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous Vitamin C in Severe Sepsis: A Systematic Review of Evidence From 2020 to 2025.Cureus · 2026Review
- A preclinical randomised controlled dose optimization of megadose sodium ascorbate for reversal of gram-negative sepsis-induced cardiovascular, brain and kidney dysfunction.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamins in Sepsis: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Effects of Vitamin E on Redox balance in regulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in sepsis: An antioxidant therapy perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- Vitamin C for sepsis: from mechanisms to individualized therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Vitamin C improves 28-day survival in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality and morbidity despite adequate standard care. Vitamin C deficiency is a common, potentially reversible, contributor to morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Previous studies have shown mixed and conflicting results. Our study aimed to determine the potential benefit of early administration (within 6 h after admission) of vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock.
methodsThis was a phase 3b prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Participants were enrolled in the Emergency Departments of 8 hospitals throughout Belgium. Patients were randomized to receive 1.5 g of vitamin C, or matching placebo, every 6 h for 4 days. The primary outcome was the average post-baseline patient Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on day 2 to 5. Key secondary outcomes were the maximum SOFA score, 28-day mortality and length of ICU and hospital stay.
resultsA total of 300 patients were recruited between June 4th, 2021, and August 19th, 2023. 292 patients, of which 147 were assigned to the vitamin C and 145 to the placebo group, completed the trial and were included in the analysis. The primary outcome (vitamin C, 1.98; placebo, 2.19) was 8.7% lower in the vitamin C group, but not significantly (ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.08, P = 0.30). In a planned subgroup analysis, patients with a baseline SOFA score of 6 or above had a significant lower average post-baseline SOFA score in the vitamin C group (ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99, P = 0.042). Findings were similar in the two groups regarding secondary outcomes and adverse events, except for a lower probability of being on renal replacement therapy in the vitamin C group of the per protocol analysis (ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.078 to 1.0, P = 0.05).
conclusionsEarly treatment with vitamin C did not result in a statistically significant reduction in organ dysfunction. Therefore, this study does not support the use of vitamin C in sepsis patients.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04747795 . Registered 4 February 2021.
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