ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025
Global burden of peripheral arterial disease (1990-2021), global burden trends and the impact of blood lead on peripheral arterial disease: a multidimensional analysis based on NHANES, GBD, and Mendelian randomization.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular Impact of Endovascular Revascularization in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Versus Claudication: A Contemporary Real-World Analysis.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Article
- Causal Effects of Lifestyle and Dietary Factors on Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrated Analysis Combining Mendelian Randomization, Machine Learning, and Evaluation of Burden Dynamics and Health Inequality.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Global Burden, Attributable Risk Factors, and Future Projections of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease Among Postmenopausal Women.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Lumbar Sympathetic Radiofrequency Ablation for Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Short-Term, Self-Controlled, Retrospective Pilot Study of 16 Patients.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Does diabetes increase the risk of meniscal injury?: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Translating the effect of dual lipid reduction with PCSK9 inhibitors on a mechanical vascular instrumental biomarker in familial hypercholesterolemia subjects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Observational
- The global burden of hypertension and its epidemiological impacts on adolescents and young adults: projections to 2050.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global burden of four cardiovascular diseases attributable to low fruits and vegetables intake, 1990-2021, with a forecast to 2044.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- HbA1c as an Independent Predictor of Peripheral Artery Disease: Nonlinear Threshold and Causal Evidence from NHANES and Mendelian Randomization.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisObservational
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivePeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common cardiovascular disease that it is an important reason for the decline of patients' quality of life and the increase of family economic burden. To systematically evaluate the association between environmental lead exposure and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and to characterize the global distribution of PAD disease burden, while exploring differences among regions with varying socioeconomic development.
methodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the link between lead exposure and PAD. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to infer causality, and we analyzed PAD disease burden trends across countries of differing income levels.
resultsThe burden on PAD patients worldwide shows a downward trend. In high SDI and high middle SDI countries, the burden of PAD gradually decreases, while in low middle SDI and low SDI countries, the burden of PAD gradually decreases. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between blood lead levels and PAD risk (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09). This association was more pronounced among males (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09), individuals with higher education (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16-1.32), and patients with hypertension (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.09). MR analysis supported a causal link between lead exposure and PAD. Global trend analysis indicated that PAD burden is declining in high-income countries but rising in low-income regions, highlighting significant health inequities.
conclusionEnvironmental lead exposure is significantly associated with increased PAD risk, with notable differences in population susceptibility. These findings underscore the necessity of environmental exposure control and tailored prevention strategies to enhance cardiovascular health worldwide.
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