Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40269913›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

A robotic rehabilitation intervention in a home setting during the Covid-19 outbreak: a feasibility pilot study in patients with stroke.

Marco Germanotta, Maria Cristina Mauro, Francesca Falchini, Francesco Scotto Di Luzio, Luca Vollero, Loredana Zollo, Irene Giovanna Aprile

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05250934 (Robotic Telerehabilitation), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05250934 nacompletednot on this map

Robotic Telerehabilitation: Feasibility of a Robotic Treatment of the Upper Limb With Remote Supervision in Patients With Stroke

TypeinterventionalSponsorFondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ETSRan2021 to 2021Enrolled20ConditionsStrokeArmsRobotic rehabilitation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Telerehabilitation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marco GermanottaIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci, 269, 50143, Florence, FI, Italy. mgermanotta@dongnocchi.it.
Maria Cristina MauroIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci, 269, 50143, Florence, FI, Italy.
Francesca FalchiniIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci, 269, 50143, Florence, FI, Italy.
Francesco Scotto Di LuzioResearch Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128, Rome, Italy.
Luca VolleroUnit of Computational Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128, Rome, Italy.
Loredana ZolloResearch Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128, Rome, Italy.
Irene Giovanna AprileIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via di Scandicci, 269, 50143, Florence, FI, Italy.

Funding

Co-funded by the European Union through Lazio Innova F84E21000080006Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca PNC0000007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTelerehabilitation allows patients to engage in therapy away from healthcare facilities, often in the comfort of their homes. Studies have suggested that it can effectively improve motor and cognitive function. However, its applicability may be limited to patients with severe impairments who require physical assistance. The proposed study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effects of a home-based rehabilitation program for post-stroke patients, based on the use of a planar robot, able to overcome the limitations posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsWe enrolled 20 patients with stroke (11 men, aged 66.1 ± 9.2 years). Patients underwent 20 one-hour robotic upper limb rehabilitation sessions, consisting of the execution of planar point-to-point reaching exercises, using a robotic device in their own home, with the remote supervision of a physical therapist. We assessed the feasibility of this intervention by examining adverse events, patient satisfaction (measured on a Likert scale), usability (using the System Usability Scale, SUS), acceptability (evaluated through the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire, TAM+), and pain onset (measured with the Numeric Rating Scale). To gauge the clinical effects of the treatment, we analyzed changes in the motor and sensory components of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) before and after the intervention.

resultsThe approach was safe, as we did not observe any adverse events, and patients did not experience an increase in pain levels. Patients expressed their appreciation for the treatment, providing an average Likert scale score of 8 out of 10. The usability of the treatment received high marks, with an average SUS score of 78 ± 12. Similarly, the treatment acceptability was favorable, with all examined domains scoring above 4, indicating a positive attitude towards the proposed solution. Moreover, we observed a statistically significant improvement in the motor part of the FMA-UE (p < 0.001).

conclusionOur results demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of employing a rehabilitation robot for upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients within a home-based environment. These findings mark a significant step in advancing innovative and easily accessible rehabilitation options for stroke survivors, ensuring uninterrupted care and creating new opportunities to enhance their functional abilities.

trial registrationclinicaltrial.gov (NCT05250934).

Indexed as

COVID-19Exercise TherapyRoboticsStroke RehabilitationAgedFeasibility StudiesFemaleHome Care ServicesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionPilot ProjectsSARS-CoV-2StrokeTelerehabilitationCovid-19RehabilitationRoboticsStrokeTelerehabilitationUpper extremity

Identifiers

PMID40269913
PMCPMC12020300

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.